World Tuberculosis Day: Smoking, Stress, and Excess Screen Time Driving Surge in TB Cases in Gen Z; Experts List Preventive Tips

On World Tuberculosis (TB) Day, which is observed on March 24 every year, health experts have highlighted alarming trends concerning the rise of tuberculosis cases in Generation Z (individuals born between 1997 and 2012). While TB has long been associated with older generations and those in less developed regions, recent data shows that young people—particularly those in the Gen Z age group—are increasingly being affected by the disease. Experts suggest that modern-day lifestyle factors, such as smoking, chronic stress, and excessive screen time, are contributing to the surge in TB cases among young people. This raises concerns about the future of global TB control efforts and underscores the need for effective preventive measures.

Rising TB Cases in Gen Z: The Role of Modern Lifestyles

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, though it can also impact other parts of the body. It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The disease has seen a decline in many regions over the past century due to improvements in healthcare, vaccines, and living conditions. However, recent trends indicate a resurgence of TB in younger populations, particularly in high-income countries where TB had previously been controlled.

Several lifestyle factors, particularly those affecting the immune system, are believed to be contributing to the rise in TB cases among young people:

1. Smoking: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for tuberculosis. It weakens the immune system, damages the lungs, and increases the likelihood of bacterial infections. Smoking rates among Gen Z, despite being lower than previous generations, are still a concern, especially with the rise of e-cigarettes and vaping. The harmful effects of smoking on lung health make it easier for TB bacteria to take hold, especially in environments where the disease is prevalent.
2. Stress: Chronic stress has been identified as another major contributor to the rising rates of TB among young people. Stress weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections like TB. The pressures of academic performance, job insecurity, social media comparisons, and general life uncertainties that come with growing up in a rapidly changing world are all contributing factors to stress among Gen Z. Prolonged or unmanaged stress can lead to a reduced immune response, making young people more susceptible to infections.
3. Excessive Screen Time: With the digital age at its peak, excessive screen time has become a daily norm for many in Gen Z. Prolonged exposure to screens can have both physical and mental health repercussions. Spending long hours in front of screens leads to sedentary behavior, which can weaken the body’s immune defenses over time. Additionally, the constant exposure to stressors from social media, as well as disrupted sleep patterns from late-night screen use, can also contribute to weakened immunity.
4. Delay in Seeking Medical Help: In many cases, young people are unaware of TB symptoms or delay seeking medical help when symptoms like a persistent cough, fever, or weight loss occur. This delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to the spread of the disease, especially in densely populated urban areas where TB is more prevalent. The stigma associated with TB, combined with a lack of awareness, often leads to underreporting and delayed treatment, allowing the disease to spread.

Preventive Tips to Combat the Rise in TB Cases

As TB continues to pose a threat to younger generations, experts have outlined several preventive tips to help reduce the risk of infection, especially for those in Gen Z:

1. Quit Smoking and Avoid Vaping: The most effective way to protect the lungs and reduce the risk of TB is to quit smoking and avoid vaping. Smoking not only damages the lungs but also weakens the body’s ability to fight off infections. By quitting, individuals can significantly lower their chances of contracting TB and other respiratory illnesses.
2. Manage Stress Effectively: Developing healthy coping mechanisms for stress is crucial in maintaining a strong immune system. Experts recommend engaging in physical activity, practicing mindfulness, and seeking social support to manage stress levels. Regular exercise, yoga, meditation, and sufficient sleep can all contribute to better mental and physical health, thus reducing the susceptibility to infections like TB.
3. Limit Screen Time and Promote Physical Activity: Reducing excessive screen time is essential for both mental and physical well-being. Experts suggest that young people should limit their daily screen time, especially before bed, to ensure better sleep quality. Incorporating regular physical activity into daily routines—whether through outdoor sports, walking, or fitness classes—can improve overall health, boost immunity, and reduce stress levels.
4. Get Regular Health Checkups and TB Screenings: Early detection is key to controlling the spread of TB. Young people should get regular health checkups and discuss any concerns about TB with healthcare providers, especially if they exhibit symptoms like prolonged coughing, chest pain, weight loss, or night sweats. Routine screenings can help identify those at risk early and prevent the disease from advancing to more serious stages.
5. Vaccination: While the BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine is not universally given in high-income countries, it remains an important preventive tool in areas with a high prevalence of TB. Those traveling to or living in regions where TB is more common should consider getting vaccinated to reduce the risk of contracting the disease.
6. Improve Nutrition: A healthy diet plays a significant role in supporting the immune system. Ensuring that young people eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains can help bolster immunity and make it easier for the body to fend off infections like TB.
7. Educate About TB Awareness: Increasing awareness about TB symptoms, transmission, and prevention is crucial. Public health campaigns that educate young people about the disease and its risk factors can help reduce stigma and encourage individuals to seek medical attention if they develop symptoms.

The Need for Action

World Tuberculosis Day is a reminder that TB continues to be a global health issue, with millions of people affected each year. While much progress has been made in controlling the disease, the recent rise in cases among Gen Z highlights the need for urgent action to address the lifestyle factors that contribute to the spread of TB. By adopting healthier habits, seeking early medical intervention, and prioritizing mental and physical well-being, young people can play a significant role in reducing TB incidence and ensuring a healthier future for all.

Governments, healthcare providers, and communities must continue to work together to raise awareness, provide resources for prevention, and improve access to treatment, particularly for vulnerable populations, including young people. It’s time to break the cycle of TB and protect future generations from its impact.